Ancient Texts and abbreviations in text and notes
LCL = Loeb Classical Library, HUP = Harvard University Press
Appianus (App.), The Civil Wars, LCL,HUP, 1913
Arrian, Array against the Alans (Ἔκταξις κατὰ Ἀλανῶν) in DeVoto, J.G., Flavius Arrianus: Technè Taktika (Tactical handbook) and Ektaxis kata Alanoon (The expedition against the Alans), Chicago 1993
Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae, in Attic Nights, LCL,HUP,Vol. III, Books 14-20, 1927
Caesar (Caes.), The wars (BG,BC,BH,BA,BAL) ed. Otto Seel, Leipzig, 1961; LCL,HUP,Vol. I-III, 1917-2001
Cassius Dio, Roman History - Romaika (Rom.), ed. Cary,E., 9 vols., LCL, HUP, 1914-1927
Cicero (Cic.), Ad Familiares (Ad. Fam.), II, LCL,HUP, 1979
Cicero (Cic), In Catilinam (Catil.), I-IV, Pro Murena, Pro Sulla, Pro Flacco, LCL, HUP, 1996
Cicero (Cic.), Orator ad M.Brutum (Or.), LCL,HUP, 1939
Corpus inscriptionum latinarum (CIL). Consilio et auctoritate Academiae Litterarum Regiae Borussicae editum. 17 Bände in zahlreichen Teilbänden, Berlin 1862-1925.
Corpus inscriptionum Latinarum. Auctarium. Series nova. Index numerorum. 2 u. 3 Bde. de Gruyter, Berlin 2003.
Festus, Sexti pompei festi de verborum significatione quae supersunt cum Pauli epitome emendata et annotata a Carolo Odofredo Muellero. Accedunt D Fere coniecturae vv. dd. post Muellerum factae, ed. Muller K.O., Lipsia, 1880
Isidorus of Seville, Etimologiae (Et.), Isidori Hispanensis Episcopi Etymologiarum sive Originum libri XX, ed. W.M. Lindsay I-II, Oxford, 1911
Josephus, Jewish Antiquities (Ant.Jud.), books 18-19, LCL, HUP, 1965
Josephus, Bellum Judaicum, The Jewish War (BJ), 3 volumes, LCL, HUP, 1927-1997
Lucanus, Civil Wars – Pharsalia (Phars), LCL, HUP, 1928
Martial, Epigrammata, in Epigrams, LCL, HUP, vol. II, books 6-10, 1993
Pliny the Elder (Plin.), Historia Naturalis (HN),LCL,HUP,1938-1962
Plutarch (Plut.), Parallel Lives – Paralleloi Bioi, Pomp. = Pompey; Galba; in Parallel Lives, 11 vols., LCL,HUP,1914-1926
Propertius (Prop.), The Elegies - Elegiae (El.), LCL,HUP,1990
Pseudo-Hyginus (Pseudo-Hyg.), The Fortifications of the camp – De Munitionibus Castrorum, in Gilliver, M.C. (ed.), ‘The De Munitionibus Castrorum: text and translation’, in JRMES, Volume 4, 1993, 33-48
Quintilianus (Quint.), Declamationes (Decl.); Institutio Oratoria (Inst. Or.), Lyon,1540
Saint John the Evangelist (John), The Apocalypse / Revelations (Ap.), in The texts of the New Testament in the original Greek, 1885
Sallustius (Sall), Bellum Catilinae (Catil.), Bellum Jugurtinum (Jug.) LCL,HUP, 1921
Servius, Maurus Servius Honoratus. In Vergilii carmina comentarii. Servii Grammatici qui feruntur in Vergilii carmina commentarii; recensuerunt Thilo G. et Hagen H.. Leipzig, 1881
Suetonius (Suet.), De Vita Caesarum (Aug. = Augustus ; Caes. = Caesar; Tib. = Tiberius; Cal. = Caligula; Claud. = Claudius; Vit. = Vitellius; Dom. = Domitianus), in The lives of the Caesars, Suetonius, 2 vols, 1914
Tacitus, Annales (Ann.), in Tacitus III, Historiae 4-5, Annals 1-3, LCL,HUP, 1931
Tacitus, Historiae (Hist.), LCL,HUP, Books I-III, 1925
Valerius Maximus (Val. Max.), Memorabilia, Factorum et dictorum memorabilium libri novem (Mem.), in Memorable doings and sayings, LCL,HUP,1990
Varro, De lingua Latina (L.L.) in On the Latin Language, LCL,HUP,1938
Vegetius (Veg.), Military Art – Epitoma Rei Militaris (Epit.), in The Military Institutions of the Romans – Epitoma Rei Militaris (390 AD) by Flavius Renatus Vegetius, ed. Clark, J., 1767-1940
Virgil (Virg.), Aeneid – Aeneis (Aen.) in Eclogues, Georgics, Aeneid, and Aeneid, II Vols., LCL,HUP,1916-1918
Modern Sources
Ajbabin,A. (ed.), Dal mille al mille, tesori e popoli dal Mar Nero, Milano, 1995;
Алексинский Д. П., Жуков К. А., Бутягин А. М., Коровкин Д. С., Всадники войны. Кавалерия Европы, Москвa, 2005 (War riders of the European Cavalry, in Russian, Moskva, 2005)
Alexandrescu, C.G., ‘A contribution on the standards of the Roman Army’, Limes XIX, Procedings of the XIXth International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies, Pécs, (2005) 147-151
Alföldi, A., ‘Hasta-Summa Imperii: The Spear as Embodiment of Sovereignty in Rome’ American Journal of Archaeology, 63, No. 1, (Jan. 1959), 1-27
Antonucci, C., ‘The Praetorians, the Bodyguard of the Emperor Trajan, 2nd cent. AD’, Ancient Warrior, 1 (1994), 3–11
Antonucci, C., L’esercito di Cesare 54 – 44 a.C. Concorezzo: 1996
Avvisati, C., Pompei, mestieri e botteghe 2000 anni fa, Rome, 2003
Becatti, G., Colonna di Marco Aurelio, Milano, 1957
Berti, F., Fortuna Maris, la nave romana di Comacchio, Bologna, 1990
Bianchi-Bandinelli, R., L’arte Romana al centro del potere, Milan, 1969–77
Birley E., The Religion of the Roman Army 1895-1977, in ANRW, 2, 16, 2, 1978, 1506-1541
Bishop, M., ‘The Early Imperial Apron’, JRMES, 3 (1992), 81–104
Bishop, M. C. – Coulston, J.C.N., Roman military equipment, from the Punic wars to the fall of Rome. London: 1993
Bishop, M. C. – Coulston, J.C.N., Roman military equipment, from the Punic wars to the fall of Rome. Exeter: 2006
Bohec, Le, Y., L’armée Romaine, Paris, 1989
Boube-Piccot, C., Les bronzes antiques du Maroc, IV, L’équipement militaire et l’armement, Paris, 1994
Bowman, A.K., L’Egitto dopo i Faraoni, Firenze,1997
Brzezinski, R., M. Mileczarek, The Sarmatians 600 BC–AD450, Oxford,2002
Buckler W. H., Calder W. M. and Cox C. W. M., ‘Asia Minor: Monuments from Iconium, Lycaonia and Isauria’, in The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 14 (1924), 24-84
Buora, M., and W. Jobst, Roma sul Danubio, da Aquileia a Carnuntum lungo la via dell’ambra, Rome, 2002
Buzzi, G., Giulio Cesare, Verona, 1976
Cahn, D., Waffen und Zaumzeug, Antiken Museum Basel und Sammlung Ludwig, Basel, 1989
Cantilena R. -Cipriani M. - Sciarelli G.T., Accumulare denari, in un tesoro da Paestum due secoli di Storia, Roma, 1999
Cardon, D., ‘Chiffons dans le desert: textiles de Maximianon et Krokodilô’, in Cuvigny H. et al., La trame de l’histoire, textiles pharaoniques, coptes et islamiques, Paris, 2002
Caver P., ‘De muneribus militaribus centurionatu inferioribus’, in Eph. Epigr. 4, 1881, 355 ff.
Christie’s, The Axel Guttmann Collection of ancient arms and armour, part 1, London, 2002
Christie’s, The Axel Guttmann Collection of Ancient Arms and Armour, Part 2, London, 2004
Clauss M., Heerwesen (Heeres religion), in Reallex. Ant. Chr., 13, 1986, coll.1089-1090
Connolly, P., The Roman Army,Bristol,1975
Connolly, P., Greece and Rome at War, London, 1988
Connolly, P., Tiberius Claudius Maximus, the Legionary, Oxford, 1988
Connolly, P., Living in the time of Jesus of Nazareth, Oxford, 1993
Connolly, P., ‘Pilum, Gladius and Pugio in the Late Republic’, JRMES, 8 (1997), 41–57
Coulston J. C. N., ‘The draco standard’, in JRMES 2, 1991, 101ff.
Cowan R., Roman Legionary, 58 BC – AD 69. Oxford: 2003
Cowan R., Imperial Roman Legionary AD 161-284, Oxford, 2003
Cowan,R.,Roman Guardsman, 62 BC-AD 324, Oxford, 2014
Cronin, H.S., ‘First Report of a Journey in Pisidia, Lycaonia, and Pamphylia, in The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 22 (1902), 94-125;
Cuff, D.B., The auxilia in Roman Britain and the Two Germanies from Augustus to Caracalla: Family, Religion and Romanization, Toronto,2010
Curle, J., A Roman Frontier Post and its People, the Fort of Newstead in the Parish of Melrose, Glasgow, 1911
Cuvigny, H. (ed.), La Route de Myos Hormos – L’Armée romaine dans le désert Oriental d’Egypte, Caire, 2003
D’Amato, R., The arms and the armour of the Imperial Roman Soldier, from Marius to Commodus, London, 2009
D’Amato, R., Roman Naval Forces, 31BC- AD 500, Oxford, 2009
D’Amato, R., Roman Centurions 753-31 BC, The Kingdom and the age of the Consuls, Oxford, 2011
D’Amato R., Negin, A., Roman decorated armour, London, 2017, forthcoming
Daremberg, C., E. Saglio, Dictionnaire des Antiquités Grecques et Romaines, Paris, 1873–1917
Davoli P., Miks Ch., ‘A New “Roman” Sword from Soknopaiou Nesos (El-Fayyum, Egypt)’ in ISAW Papers 9, 2015
De Light L., Takoma L.E. (ed.), Migration and mobility in the Early Roman Empire. Leiden:1967
Deschler-Erb, E., Ad Arma! Römisches Militär des 1. Jahrhunderts n. Chr. In Augusta Raurica, Augst, 1999
Dixon K.R., Southern P., The Roman Cavalry, London, 1992
Doxiadis, E.,The Mysterious Fayum Portraits, Faces from Ancient Egypt, Cairo, 1995
Von Domaszewski, A. ‘Die Fahnen in römischen Heere’ Abhd. des Archäologisch- Epigraphischen Seminars der Univ. Wien 5. Vienna 1885 = id. 1979. Aufsätze zur römischen Heeresgeschichte, Darmstadt: 1-80
Von Domaszewski, A., ‘Die Religion des römischen Heeres’, in Westdeut. Zeitschr. Gesch. Kunst., 14, Trier 1895, 1-128
Von Domaszewski, A., Aufsatze zur römischen Heeresgeschichte, Darmstadt 1972, 81-209
Dorow W., Die Denkmale germanischer und romischer Zeit in den Rheinisch-Westfalischen Provinzen 2. Romische Alterthumer in und um Neuwied am Rhein, Berlin,1826
Dütschke, A, Antike Bildwerke in Oberitalien, Leipzig,1880
Etienne, R., - Piso I., - Diaconescu A., ‘Le fouilles du Forum Vetus de Sarmizegetusa’, Acta Musei Napocensis, 39-40/I, (2002-2003) 59-86
Feugère, M., Weapons of the Romans, Stroud, 2002
Flinders-Petrie, W.M., Objects of daily use, London, 1927
Florescu, F.B., Monumentul de la Adamklissi, Trophaeum Traiani, Bucharest, 1961
Fontana, E., ‘Die Tuba aus Zsámbek’, in Limesmuseum Aalen, Von Augustus bis Attila: Leben am ungarischen Donaulimes, Zweigmuseum des Wurttembergischen Landesmuseums Stuttgart, Schriften des Limesmuseums Aalen, Aalen, 2000, 41–44
Franzoni, C., Habitus atque habitude militis, monumenti funerari di militari nella Cisalpina Romana, Rome, 1987
Gansser-Burckhardt, A., Das Leder und seine Verarbeitung im Romische Legionslager Vindonissa, Basel, 1942
Gilbert, F., ‘Caesar's legionary, Arms and equipment reinterpreted’ in Ancient Warfare, II.4, Aug./Sept.2008,19-22
Giuliano,A., Arco di Costantino,Milano,1955
Glyptothek Munchen, Bunte Götter, Die Farbigkeit Antiker Skulptur, München, 2004
González, J.R., Historia de las legiones Romanas, Madrid, 2003
Gore, R., ‘The Dead Do Tell Tales at Vesuvius’, in NG, 165 (May 1984), 556–625
Gorelik, M.V., Warriors of Eurasia, Stockport, 1995
Guzzo, P.G., (ed.), Storie da una eruzione, Pompei,Ercolano,Oplontis,Milano,2003
Granger, T., ‘Fragments of linen from Masada,Israel – the remnants of Pteryges? – and related finds in Weft-and Warp-twining including sling’ in Nosch M.L., Wearing the cloak, dressing the soldiers in Roman Times, 56-84, Oxbow, 2012
Gregori, G., ‘Le sei nuove steli di militari’ in Il mausoleo di Marco Nonio Macrino sulla via Flaminia, Rossi D. (Ed.), Milano, 2012, 165-170
Habel, F.G., ‘Ueber die Feldzeichen des römischen Heeres insbesondere die der XXII Legion’, in Annalen des Vereines für Nassauische Alterthumskunde II, 3, 1837, 98-265
Helgeland, J., Roman Army Religion, in ANRW, 2, 16, 2, 1978, 1473-1478, 1491-1503
Hottenroth, F., Il Costume, Le Armi, Gli Utensili dei Popoli Antichi e Moderni, Vols I–II, Rome, 1887–92
Iliceto A., Aspetti di vita quotidiana, militare, religiosa e civile in Britannia e lungo il Vallo di Adriano,Bologna,2009
Ivčević, S.’Dijelovi Opreme Rimskog Vojnika iz Garduna – Components of Roman military Equipment from Gardun’ in Opuscula Archaeologica, 28 (2004), 159-176
Junkelmann, M., Die Reiter Roms, Teil I, Reise, Jagd, Triumph und Circusrennen, Mainz, 1990
Junkelmann, M., Die Reiter Roms, Teil II, Der militârische Einsatz, Mainz,1991
Junkelmann, M., Die Reiter Roms, Teil III, Zubehör, Reitweise, Bewaffnung, Mainz, 1992
Junkelmann, M., Reiter wie Statuen aus Erz. Mainz, 1996
Junkelmann, M., Romische Helme, Mainz, 2000
Kazansky M., Mastykova A., Les peuples du Caucasus du Nord, le debut de l’Histoire (I-VII siècle apr.J.C.),Paris,2003
Kemkes, M., J. Scheuerbrand and N. Willburger, Der Limes, Grenze Roms zu den Barbaren, Ostfildern, 2005
Kenyon F.G., Bell, H.I., Greek Papyri in the British Museum, catalogue with texts, vol.III, Milano, 1907
Kolias, T., Byzantinische Waffen.Wien: 1988
Künzl, E. ‘Zwei silberne Tetrarcheportrats im RGZM und die Romischen Kaiserbldnisse aus Gold und Silber’ , JRGZM, 30 (1983), 381-402
Künzl, E. Unter der goldenen Adlern,Der Waffenschmuck des römischen Imperiums, Mainz, 2008
Lebedynsky, I., Les sarmates, amazons et lanciers cuirassés entre Oural et Danube, VII siècle av. J.C.–VI siècle apr. J.C., Saint Germain du Puy, 2002
Leguilloux, M., Le cuir et la pelletterie à l’époque romaine. Paris, 2004
Liberati A.M., Silverio F., Le legioni di Roma, Roma, 1990
Liberati, A.M., Legio, storia dei soldati di Roma. Roma, 1992
iberati, A.M., ‘L’esercito di Roma nell’età delle guerre puniche, Ricostruzioni e plastici del Museo della civiltà Romana di Roma’, JRMES, 8 (1997), 25–40
Lindenschmit, F., Tracht und Bewaffnung des Römischen Heeres während der Kaiserzeit. Braunschweig: 1882
Marquardt, J., Romische Staatsverwaltung II 2, Leipzig, 1884
Mason, D.J.P., Roman Chester, City of the Eagles, Stroud, 2001
Mendel, G., Catalogue des sculptures grecques, romaines et byzantines , 3 vol., Roma, 1966
Mielczarek M. The Army of the Bosporan Kingdom (Studies on the History of the Ancient and Medieval Art of Warfare, IV), Lódž, 1999
Miks, C., Studien zur römischen Schwertbewaffnung in der Kaiserzeit,Teil I - Text und Teil II – Katalog und Tafeln, Rahden,2007;
Mills,N., Celtic & Roman Artefacts, Witham,2007
Mommsen. T., ‘Additamenta ad vol. III Orientis et Illyrici’ in Ephemeris Epigraphica Corporis Inscriptionum Latinarum Supplementum, II, Berlin, 1875
Monaci,A., ‘Sulle varie forme delle Aquile Legionarie’, RendPontAc 5, 1927, 205 ff.
Nabbefeld, A., Römische Schilde, Studien zu Funden und bildlichen Überlieferungen vom Ende der Republik bis in die späte Kaiserzeit, Rahden, 2008
Nationalmuseet, The Spoils of the Victory, Catalogue of the Exhibition, Gylling, 2003
Negin, A,E., ‘Sarmatian Cataphracts as Prototypes for Roman Equites Cataphractarii’, JRMES, 9 (1998), 65–76
Nouwen, R., ‘A unique standard holder with an inscription from Trier’, in Trierer Zeitschrift, fur Geschichte und Kunst des Trierer Landes und seine Nachbargebiete, 63, Trier, 2000, 233-243
Panciera,S., V,19, ‘Signis Legionum,Insegne,Immagini Imperiali e Centurioni Frumentarii a Peregrinis’, in Mélanges à la memoire de Marcel Le Glay. Bruxelles,1994, 610-623
Parker, A.J., Ancient Shipwrecks of the Mediterranean & the Roman Provinces, BAR International Series 580, Oxford, 1992
Pericoli, U.,Conde,R, Las Legiones Romanas, Barcelona,1976
Petersen, E., Von Domaszewsky A., Die Marcus Säule auf Piazza Colonna in Rom, Calderini, G., München, 1896;
Peterson, D., I Legionari Romani, nelle fotoricostruzioni di Daniel Peterson, Singapore, 1992
Pfister, R., Nouveaux textiles de Palmyre, Paris, 1937
Pfister, R., Textiles de Palmyre, III, Paris, 1940
Phang, S.E.,Spence I.,Kelly D., Londey P., Conflict in Ancient Greece and Rome, the definitive political, social and military encyclopedia, New York, 2016
Piggott, T., ‘Early Celtic weapons and parade gear in Scotland’ in Ancient Scottish Weapons, Scottish art review special number, 2/6, 1965, 8-12
Piranesi, G.B., Trofeo o sia magnifica colonna ... ove si veggono scolpite le due guerre daciche fatte da Trajano, inalzata nel mezzo del gran foro..., Roma, 1770
Popescu, F.M., The Roman army in Moesia Inferior, Bucharest, 2010
Popescu, G.A. (ed.), Traiano, ai confini dell’Impero, catalogo della mostra, Roma,1998
Polito, E., Fulgentibus Armis. Roma: 1998
Piotrowsky, B.B.,Tesori d’Eurasia,2000 anni di storia in 70 anni di archeologia sovietica,Milano,1987
Radman Livaja, I., Militaria Sisciensia, Finds of Roman Military Equipment in Sisak in the holdings of the Archaeological Museum in Zagreb, Zagreb,2004
Rankov, B., The Praetorian Guard. London,1994
Renel,C., Cultes Militaires de Rome, Les enseignes. Lyon-Paris: 1903
Rizzello, M., Monumenti funerari Romani con fregi dorici nella media Valle dell’Iri, Sora,1979
Robinson, H.R. The Armour of Imperial Rome, London, 1975
Roldán Hervás, J.M., Hispania y el Ejército Romano, contribución a la historia social de la España antigua, Salamanca, 1974
Rostovtzeff, ‘Vexillum and victory’, in Journal of the Roman Studies, vol. 32, Parts 1 and 2, 1932, 92-106
Ryberg I. S, ‘Panel Reliefs of Marcus Aurelius’, Monogr.Arch. a. Fine Arts 14, New York, 1967
Saliola M., Casprini F., Pugio Gladius brevis est, storia e tecnologia del pugnale da Guerra romano, Roma, 2012
Saxtorph, N.M., Warriors and Weapons, 3000 b.c. to a.d. 1700, London, 1972
Sekunda, N., Seleucid and Ptolemaic Reformed Armies 168–145 bc. Vol. I: The Seleucid Army, Stockport, 1994
Sekunda, N., Seleucid and Ptolemaic reformed armies 168–145 bc. Vol. II: The Ptolemaic Army, Stockport, 1995
Sekunda, N., Republican Roman Army, 200–104 BC, London, 1996
Settis, S., (ed.), Civiltà dei Romani, il potere e l’esercito, Milano, 1991
Sievers, S., ‘Armes celtiques, germaniques et Romaines: ce que nous apprennent les fouilles d’Alesia’, in M. Reddè, L’armée Romaine en Gaule, Paris, 1996, pp. 67–81
Simkins, M., The Roman Army from Caesar to Trajan, London, 1974
Simkins, M., The Roman Army from Caesar to Trajan, revised edition, London, 1984
Stiebel G.D., Armis et litteris, the military equipment of early Roman Palestine, in light of archaeological and historical sources, London, 2007
Strobel, K.’L’età Trajanea e la storiografia moderna’, in Popescu, G.A. & Various, Traiano, ai confini dell’Impero, catalogo della mostra. Roma: 1998, 13-29
Sulimirsky, T., The Sarmatians,New York,1970
Töpfer K. M., Signa Militaria, Die römischen Feldzeichen in der Republik und im Prinzipat, Mainz, 2011
Töpfer K. M., ‘Der Adler der Legion’, in Antiker Welt, 5/2008, 30-36
Touati, A.M.L.,The Great Trajanic Frieze, Stockholm, 1987
Tudor, D., ‘I cavalieri Danubiani’, in Ephemeris Daco-Romana, Annuario della Scuola Romena di Roma VII, Roma, 1937, 189-356
Unzl, C., Deschler Erb E.,Katalog der militaria aus Vindonissa,Brugg,1997
Van Driel-Murray, C., ‘Footwear in the North-Western Provinces of the Roman Empire’, in Stepping through time Archaeological footwear from prehistoric times until 1800, Zolle, 2001, 337–76
Various, Tesori d’Eurasia, 2000 anni di Storia in 70 anni di archeologia Sovietica, Milan, 1987
Various, The ancient ships of Pisa, New York, 2001
Venturoli, P., Arma Virumque Cano,Torino,2002
Wisdom, S., Gladiators, 100 BC-AD 200, Oxford, 2001
Yadin, Y., The Finds from the Bar Kokhba Period in the Cave of Letters, Jerusalem, 1963
Yadin, Y., Bar Kokhba, the Rediscovery of the Legendary Hero of the Second Jewish Revolt Against Rome, New York, 1971
Yébenes, S.P., ‘La estela del Signifer Cohortis Pintaius, CIL XIII8098, apuntes iconograficos’, in Memorias de Historia Antigua 17, 255-273
Free UK delivery for orders £30 and over