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Enemies of Liberty: The Continental Army Against the Corps of Hesse-Cassel

Great Britain would not have been able to wage war as it did during the American Revolution without the assistance of a number of German states, most notably that of Hessen-Cassel. Despite pre-existing colonial discontent, the outbreak of armed hostilities in April 1775 caught both the British government and its military badly unprepared – the peace-time army was small, and augmentation and expansion to the size required to wage war first in North America and, after 1778, across the globe, would take considerable time. 

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New Guinea 1942–43

As its military campaigns in the Philippines and Dutch East Indies successfully concluded in early 1942, Japan turned its attention eastward. Japan’s goal in the South Pacific was to secure a defensive perimeter to resist future Allied attempts to reverse its conquests in the Indies and Southeast Asia.

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Putin’s Outsourced Warfighting

One of the striking features of Russia’s current war in Ukraine is that it is often, perhaps inaccurately, described as a “mercenary war” because it is being fought not by conscripts serving out their national service, or even reservists summoned back to arms, but by volunteers

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