| Jul 18 2023

 

 

1. Main Sources and abbreviations

AJ

Antiquaries’ Journal

Arch. Cant.

Archaeologia Cantiana                                  

ASE

Anglo-Saxon England

ASSAH

Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology & History

AWLSK

Mededelingen van de Koninklijke Academie voor Wetenschappen, Letteren en Schone Kunsten van België

JEGP

Journal of English and Germanic Philology

JIES

Journal of Indo-European Studies

Med. Arch.

Medieval Archaeology

NOWELE

North West European Language Evolution

PMLA

Publications of the Modern Language Association

RGA

Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde

TPAPA

Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association

 

Almond, T.L., The Whitby Life of St. Gregory, in Downside Review 23 (NS 4) (1904) pp.15-29

 

Anderson, J.G.C. (ed.) Tacitus – Germania, London, 1997

 

Baedae, Opera Historica, Ecclesiastic History of the English Nation, ed. by King, J.E., Cambridge, 1962

 

Barlow, F., (ed.), The life of King Edward who rests at Westminster, Oxford Medieval Texts, 1992

 

Bede, Ecclesiastical History of the English People, ed. and trans. Colgrave B. and Mynors, R. A. B., Oxford, 1969 (HE)

 

Morris, J., (ed) British history; and the Welsh annals, History from the Sources, 8, London and Chichester, 1980

 

Canu Taliesin, ed. Williams, I., Cardiff, 1960

 

Chronicle of the Princes, in Archaeologia Cambrensis, vol.X, third series, London, 1864, pp. 1-143

 

Clancy, J. P. , Earliest Welsh Poetry,  London & New York, 1970

 

Culhwch and Olwen: An Edition and Study of the Oldest Arthurian Text, ed. Bromich, R., Simon Evans, D., Cardiff, 1992

 

Cunedda, Cynan, Cadwallon, Cynddylan, Four Welsh Poems and Britain 383-655, ed. Koch J. T., Aberystwyth, 2013

 

Du Cange, C., Glossarium mediae et infimae Latinitatis, II Tomi, Niort, 1883

 

Geoffrey of Monmouth, Historia Regum Britanniae, a Variant Version Edited from Manuscripts, ed.by J. Hammer, Mediaeval Academy of America, 57 Cambridge, 1951

 

Geoffrey of Monmouth, The History of the Kings of Britain, ed. and trans. Thorpe, L. Harmonds-worth,1968

 

Geoffrey of Monmouth, The History of the Kings of Britain, ed. and trans. Thompson, A., Cambridge-Ontario, 1999 

 

The Historia Regum Britannie of Geoffrey of Monmouth_III. A Summary Catalogue of the Manuscripts, ed. Crick, J.C., Cambridge, Brewer, 1989

 

The Four Ancient Books of Wales, volumes I-II, ed. Skene, W.F., Edinburgh, 1868

 

Opus novum. Gildas Britannus monachus, cui sapientis cognomentum est inditum, «De calamitate, excidio et conquestu Britanniae», quam Angliam nunc uocant, author uetustus a multis desyderatus et nuper in gratiam d. Cuthberti Tonstalli Lond. episcopi formulis excusus, [Londini], 1525

 

Gildas, The Ruin of Britain &c., London, 1899

 

Gildas, The Ruin of Britain and other works, ed. Winterbottom, M., London & Chichester, 1978

 

Giles, J.A., The works of Gildas and Nennius, translated from Latin, and with the former translations carefully compared and corrected, London, 1841

 

Gough- Cooper, H.W. (ed.), Annales Cambriae, the A text, from British Library, Harley MS 3859, ff. 190r–193r, Welsh Chronicle research Group, 2015

 

Gough- Cooper, H.W. (ed.), Annales Cambriae, the B text, from London, National Archives, MS E164/1, pp. 2–26, Welsh Chronicle research Group, 2015

 

Gough- Cooper, H.W. (ed.), Annales Cambriae, the C text, from London, British Library, Cotton MS, Domitian A, i., ff. 138r-155r, Welsh Chronicle research Group, 2015

 

Gough- Cooper, H.W. (ed.), Annales Cambriae, the D text, from Exeter Cathedral MS 3514, pp. 523-28, Welsh Chronicle research Group, 2015

 

Gregory of Tours, Historia Francorum, translated with an introduction of Lewis Thorpe, London, 1974

 

Y Gododin, a poem on the battle of Cattraeth by Aneurin, a Welsh Bard of sixth century, with an English translation and numerous historical and critical annotations, by Williams, J.A., London, 1852

 

The Gododdin of Aneirin: Text and Context from Dark Age North Britain, ed. Koch, J., Cardiff, University of Wales Press, 1997

 

http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=cotton_ms_claudius_b_iv_fs001r

 

Klaeber, Fr., Boewulf and the fight at Finnsburg, 4th edition, Boston-Chicago-New York, 2014

 

Nennius, History of the Britons (Historia Brittonum), translated by Giles J.A., Ontario, 2000

 

Notitia Dignitatum, accedunt Notitia Urbis Constantinopolitanae et laterculi Provinciarum, O.Seeck (ed.), Berlin, 1876

 

Orosius, Seven Books of History Against the Pagans, trans. by Fear A. T., Liverpool University Press, 2010

 

Paolo Diacono, Historia Romana, ed. Crivellucci, A., Roma, 1914

 

Paolo Diacono, Storia dei Longobardi, Milano 1991 (2000)

 

Paul the Deacon, History of the Langobards, ed. Foulke W.D., Philadelphia, 1907

 

Rives, J.B. (trans.) Tacitus – Germania, Oxford, 1999

 

Rowland, J., Early Welsh Saga Poetry, Cambridge, 1990

 

Savage, A., The Anglo-Saxon chronicles, the authentic voices of England, from the time of Julius Caesar to the coronation of Henri II, London, 2000 (ASC with reference in the text to the consulted manuscripts)

 

Sidonius Apollinaris, in  J. P. Migne, Patrologiae Cursus Completus, Latin Series, vol. xviii, 1844

 

Sidonius, Poems and letters, ed. W.B. Anderson, II volumes, Harvard University Press, 1963

 

Tacitus, Dialogus, Agricola, Germania, eds. Hutton, M., Peterson, W., Ogilvie, R. M., Warmington, E. H., Winterbottom, M., London, 1914

 

The life of Bishop Wilfrid by Eddius Stephanus, ed. by Colgrave, B., Cambridge, 1927

 

Thorpe, B. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores, , 2 vols, London, 1861

 

Trioedd Ynys Prydein/The Welsh Triads, ed. and trans. Bromwich, R., Cardiff, 1978

 

Whitelock, D., (ed.) English Historical documents, c.500-1042, London & Oxford, 1979

 

William of Malmesbury’s chronicle of the Kings of England, from the earliest period to the reign of King’s Stephen, London, 1847

 

William of Poitiers, Gesta Guillelmi, ed. and tr. . Davis R. H. C and Chibnall, M., The Gesta Guillelmi of William of Poitiers, Oxford and New York, 1998

 

2. Secondary Sources

 

Abels, R. Lordship and Military Obligation in Anglo-Saxon England, London, 1988

— 'English Tactics, Strategy and Military Organization in the Late Tenth Century,' in Scragg, D. (ed.) -Battle of Maldon, Oxford, 1991, pp.143-155

Åberg, N.F. Die Goten und Langobarden in Italien, Uppsala, 1923

  • The Anglo-Saxons in England During the Early Centuries After the Invasion, Cambridge, 1926 (reprinted New York, 1975)
  • The Occident and the Orient in the Art of the Seventh Century. I: The British Isles, II: Lombard Italy, III: The Merovingian Empire, Stockholm, 1943

Abramson, T. Sceattas. An Illustrated Guide. Anglo-Saxon Coins and Icons, King’s Lynn, 2006

Adams, J. Ships and Boats as Archaeological Source Material in World Archaeology, Vol. 32, No.3, 2001

Adams, M. Excavation of a Pre-Conquest Cemetery at Addingham, West Yorkshire in Med. Arch., vol. XL, London, 1996

Adams, N. 'Reading the Sutton Hoo Purse Lid', in Saxon, no. 41, Woodbridge, 2004, pp.1-3

Ager, B.  'The Smaller Variants of the Anglo-Saxon Quoit Brooch' in ASSAH, vol. 4, 1985, pp.1-35

-           'The Alternative Quoit Brooch: An Update' in Southworth, E., (ed.) Anglo-Saxon cemeteries: a

reappraisal. Stroud, 1990, pp.153-16

-    'A Quoit Brooch Style Belt-Plate from Meonstoke, Hampshire' in ASSAH, vol. 9, 1996, pp.111-114

-      'A Lead Model for a Late 5th or Early 6th Century Sword-Pommel' in Med. Arch. Vol.50, 2006, pp.243-249

Ager, B. An important Late Merovingian or Early Carolingian sword in the Yorkshire Museum, in Reynolds, A., Webster I., in Early Medieval Art and Archaeology in the Northern World, Studies in honour of James Graham Campbell, Leiden-Boston, 2013, pp.409-422

Ager, B., Cameron, E., Spain, S. & Riddler, I. Early Anglo-Saxon Weaponry from Saltwood Tunnel, Kent, Oxford, CTRL Specialist Report 2006

Ǻhlén, M. Runstenar I Uppsala Län Berätar, Uppsala, 2010

Alcock, L. 'Quantity or Quality: The Anglian Graves of Bernicia' in Evison, V. I. (ed.), Angles, Saxons, and Jutes, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.168–86.

  • Economy, Society and Warfare Among the Britons and Saxons, Cardiff, 1987
  • Kings & Warriors, Craftsmen & Priests in Northern Britain AD 550-850, Edinburgh, 2003

Almgren, B. ‘Helmets, Crowns and Warriors’ Dress – from the Roman Emperors to the Chieftains of Uppland’ in Lamm & Nordström, Vendel Period Studies, Transactions of the Boat-grave, Symposium in Stockholm, 1983, pp.11-16

Annable, F.K. & Eagles, B.N.  The Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at Blacknall Field, Pewsey, Wiltshire, Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society Monograph no.4, Devizes, 2010

Arent, A.M. ‘The Heroic Pattern: Old Germanic Helmets, Beowulf and Grettissaga’ in Polomé, E. C. (ed.), Old Norse Literature and Mythology: A Symposium, Austin and London, 1969, pp.130-199

Arnold, C.J . - Roman Britain to Saxon England. An Archaeological Study, London, 1984

  • An Archaeology of the Early Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms, London, 1997

Arnold, M. & Finlay, A. (eds.) Making History. Essays on the Fornaldarsögur, Viking Society for Northern Research, London, 2010

Arrhenius, B. Merovingian Garnet Jewellery, Emergence and Social Implications, Stockholm, 1985

Arwidsson, G. Die Gräberfunde von Valsgärde III: Valsgärde 7, Uppsala, 1977

  • ‘Valsgärde’ in Lamm J. P. & Nordström, H., Vendel Period Studies: transactions of the Boat-Grave Symposium in Stockholm, February 2–3, 1981. Studies – The Museum of National Antiquities, Stockholm. Vol. 2. 1983, pp.71-82

Ashley, S.,Penn, K.‘Contained the bones of horses: an early Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at Sporle with Palgrave' in Norfolk Archaeology XLVI (2012), pp. 281–310

Ashwin, T. ‘Excavations at Harford Farm, Caistor St. Edmund (Site 9794), 1990’ in Ashwin, T. and Bates, S. (ed.) Excavations on the Norwich Southern Bypass, 1989-91, Part 1, East Anglian Archaeology 91, pp. 52-140

Ausenda, G. (ed.) After Empire: Towards an Ethnology of Europe’s Barbarians. Woodbridge, 1995

Avent, R. Anglo-Saxon Disc and Composite Brooches, B.A.R. 11 (i & ii), Oxford, 1975

-           Anglo-Saxon Button Brooches in Archaeologia, 107, London, 1982

Bachrach, B.S. ‘Procopius, Agathias and the Frankish Military’ in Speculum, vol.45, 1970, pp.435-441

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Backhouse, J., Turner, D.H. & Webster, L. The Golden Age of Anglo-Saxon Art 966-1066, London, 1984

Bailey, R.N. ‘Sutton Hoo and Seventh Century Art’ in Farrell R. & Neuman de Vegvar, C. L., (eds.), Sutton Hoo: 50 years after, 1992, pp.31-42

Baker, P.S. The Beowulf Reader, New York, 2000

Baldwin Brown, G. The Arts & Crafts of Our Teutonic Forefathers, London, 1910

  • The Arts in Early England, vols. 3 & 4, Edinburgh, 1915
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Bammesberger, A. & Wollmann, A. (eds.) Britain 400-600: Language and History, Anglistische Forschungen, Heft 205, Heidelberg, 1990

Barnwell, P.S. ‘Hlafæta, Ceorl, Hid and Scir: Celtic, Roman or Germanic’ in ASSAH, vol. 9, 1996, pp.53-61

  • ‘Britons and Warriors in Post-Roman South-East England’ in Boundaries in Early Medieval Britain: ASSAH, vol. 12, 2003, pp.1-8

Bassett, S. ‘The Middle and Late Anglo-Saxon Defences of Western Mercian Towns’ in ASSAH, vol.15, Oxford, 2008, pp.180-239

Bateman, T. Ten Years’ Diggings in Celtic and Saxon Grave-hills (1861), (reprinted Buxton) 1978

Bayliss, A. et al Anglo-Saxon Graves and Grave Goods of the 6th and 7th Centuries AD: A Chronological Framework, Society for Medieval Archaeology Monograph 33, London, 2013

Bazelmans, J. ‘Conceptualising Early Germanic Political Structure: A Review of the Use of the Concept of Gefolgschaft’ in Roymans & Theuws (eds.), Images of the past; studies on ancient societies in northwestern Europe, 1991, pp. 91-129

-           By Weapons Made Worthy: Lords, Retainers and Their Relationship in Beowulf, Amsterdam, 1999

Becker, A. Franks Casket. Zu den Bildern und Inschriften des Runenkästchens von Auzon. Regensburger Arbeiten zur Anglistik und Amerikansitik, Band 5, Regensburg, 1973

Behmer, E., Das zweischneidige Schwert der germanischen Völkerwanderungszeit, Stockholm, 1939

Bemmann, G. & J. Der Opferplatz von Nydam. Die Funde aus den alteren Grabungen: Nydam-I und Nydam-II, Neumünster, 1998

Bestemann, J.C. et al., The Excavation at Wijnaldum. Reports on Frisia in Roman and Medieval Times, Rotterdam, 1999

Bimson, M. Dark-Age Garnet Cutting in ASSAH, vol. 4, 1985, pp.125-128

Bimson, M. & Leese, M.N. The Characterization of Mounted Garnets and its Value as Archaeological Evidence in Lamm & Nordström, 1983, pp.83-90

Bitterli, D. Say What I Am Called. The Old English Riddles of the Exeter Book and the Anglo-Latin Riddle Tradition, Toronto, 2009

Bishop, M.C. & Coulston, J.C. Roman Military Equipment, Aylesbury, 1989

Blackmore, L. The Prittlewell Prince – The Discovery of a Rich Anglo-Saxon Burial in Essex, London, 2004

Blackmore, L., Blair, I., Hirst, S., Scull, C.,  The Prittlewell Princely burial – Excavations at Priory Crescent, Southend-on-Sea, Essex, 2003, London, 2013

Blair, I. ‘The Anglo-Saxon Prince’ in Archaeology, vol. 58, no. 5, 2005, pp.24-28

Blaylock, S.R. & Parker, R.W. Exeter City Defences: Fabric Recording of the City Wall in Northernhay Gardens Adjacent to Athelstan's Tower 1993-4, Exeter, 1994

Bork, R. (ed.) et al., De Re Metallica: The Uses of Metal in the Middle Ages, AVISTA Studies in the History of Medieval Technology, Science and Art, vol. 4, Aldershot, 2005

Boyle, A., Jennings, D., Miles, D. & Palmer, S. The Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at Butler’s Field, Lechlade, Gloucestershire, Thames Valley Landscapes Monograph no. 10, Oxford, 1998

Brady, C. Weapons in Beowulf: Analysis of the Nominal Compounds and an Evaluation of the Poet’s Use of Them, in ASE, volume 8, 1982, pp.79-141

Bradley, R. The Passage of Arms: An Archaeological Analysis of Prehistoric Hoard and Votive Deposits, Oxford, 1998

Brandon, P. (ed.), The South Saxons, Chichester, 1978

Brent, J., 'An Account of Researches in an Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at Stowting, in Kent, during the Autumn of 1866,' in  Archaeologia , Volume 41 , Issue 2 , 1868, pp.409-420

Briggs, G., Cook, J. & Rowley, T. The Archaeology of the Oxford Region, Oxford, 1989

Briscoe, T. ‘Note on an Aquitanian Buckle-Plate said to have come from Lakenheath,’ Suffolk in ASSAH, vol.1, 1979, pp.115-119

-           ‘Anglo-Saxon Pot Stamps’ in ASSAH, vol. 2, 1981, pp.1-36

-           ‘The Use of Brooches and Other Jewellery as Dies on Pagan Anglo-Saxon Pottery’ in Med. Arch. 29, 1985, pp.136-142

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Brooks, N. ‘Weapons and Armour’, in Scragg (ed.), 1991, pp.208-219

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Brown, W.C. Violence in Medieval Europe, Harlow, 2011

Bruce-Mitford, R. ,  

-          The Sutton Hoo Ship-Burial. Volume 1. Excavations, Background, The Ship, Dating and Inventory, London, 1975

-          (ed) Recent Archaeological Excavations in Europe, London, 1975a

-          The Sutton Hoo Ship-Burial. Volume 2. Arms, Armour and Regalia, London, 1978

-          The Sutton Hoo Ship-Burial. Volume 3. Late Roman and Byzantine Silver, Hanging Bowls, Drinking Vessels, Cauldrons and Other Containers, Textiles, The Lyre, Pottery Bottle and Other Items, London, 1983

Bruce-Mitford, R. , Scott, R.L. ‘The Sutton Hoo Helmet - A new reconstruction’, in Bruce-Mitford, R., Aspects of Anglo-Saxon Archaeology, London, 1974, pp.198-209

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Brugmann, B. The Role of Continental Artefact Types in Sixth Century Kentish Chronology in Hines, (ed.) 1999

-           Glass Beads from Early Anglo-Saxon Graves, Oxford, 2004

Brundle, M. L., Image and Performance, Agency and Ideology: Human Figurative Representation in Anglo-Saxon Funerary Art, AD 400-750, Durham, 2014

Brunning, S.E.,  The ‘Living’ Sword in Early Medieval Northern Europe: An Interdisciplinary Study, London, 2013

Bruns, D., Germanic Equal Arm Brooches of the Migration Period, Oxford, 2003

Bundgaard Rasmussen, B. The Soldiers of the Roman Empire and the Roman Army in Jørgensen, Storgaard & Thomsen, (eds.), 2003, pp.148-165

Bunker, M. & Thomas, G. The Marlow Warlord: An Early Medieval Sentinel Burial of the Middle Thames, Reading, 2022

Cameron, E.A. Sheaths and Scabbards in England AD 400-1100 BAR British Series 301, London, 2000

Candilio, D. Moda Costume e Bellezza nella Roma Antica, Rome, 2004

Cambridge, E. Archaeology and the Cult of St. Oswald in Pre-Conquest Northumbria in Karkov, (ed.), 1999

Care Evans, A. The Sutton Hoo Ship Burial, London, 1986

Care Evans, A. ‘The Bradwell Warrior’ in Saxon, July, 2022, p.6

Carver, M.O.H. (ed.) The Age of Sutton Hoo: The Seventh Century in North-Western Europe, Woodbridge, 1992

-           Sutton Hoo – Burial Ground of Kings? London, 1998

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-           Burial as Poetry: The Context of Treasure in Anglo-Saxon Graves in Tyler, (ed.), 2000

-           Sutton Hoo: A Seventh Century Princely Burial Ground and its Context, Report of the Research Committee of the Society of Antiquaries of London, no. 69, London, 2005

Carman, J. (ed.) Material Harm: Archaeological Studies of War and Violence, Glasgow, 1997

Cathers, C. An Examination of the Horse in Anglo-Saxon England, Ph.D. dissertation, Reading, 2002

Cessford, C. Where are the Anglo-Saxons in the Gododdin Poem? in ASSAH, vol. 8, 1995, pp.95-98

-           Exogamous Marriages Between Anglo-Saxons and Britons in Seventh Century Northern Britain in ASSAH, vol. 9, 1996, pp.49-52

-           Relations Between the Britons of Southern Scotland and Anglo-Saxon Northumbria in Hawkes & Mills, 1999, pp.150-160

Chadwick Hawkes, S. (ed.) Weapons and Warfare in Anglo-Saxon England in Oxford University Committee for Archaeology Monograph No.21, Oxford, 1989

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Chadwick Hawkes, S & Grove, L.R.A., 'Finds from a seventh century Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at Milton Regis', in Archaeologia Cantiana 78, 1963, pp.22-38

Chadwick Hawkes, S & Grainger, G. The Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at Worthy Park, Kingsworthy near Winchester, Hampshire, Oxford School of Archaeology Monograph no.59, Oxford, 2003

Chambers, R.W. Widsith: A Study in Old English Heroic Legend, Cambridge, 1912

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Chaney, W.A.  The Cult of Kingship in Anglo-Saxon England. The Transition from Paganism to Christianity, Manchester, 1970

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Clunies Ross, M. The Anglo-Saxon and Norse Rune Poems: A Comparative Study in ASE vol.19, 1990, pp.23-39

Coates, R. 'The Significance of Celtic Place-Names in England' in Filppula, Klemola & Pitkänen, (eds.), The Celtic roots of English, Joensuu, 2002, pp.47-86

Coatsworth, E. & FitzGerald, M. 'Anglo-Saxon Textiles in the Mayer/Faussett Collection' in Med. Arch., vol. XLV, London, 2001, pp.1-14

Coatsworth, E. & Pinder, M. The Art of the Anglo-Saxon Goldsmith, Fine Metalwork in Anglo-Saxon England: its Practice and Practitioners, Woodbridge, 2002

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Collins R. & Turner, S. 'The Eslington Sword and the Kingdom of Northumbria', in Medieval Archaeology, 62:1, pp. 28-52

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Cook, A.M. The Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at Fonaby, Lincolnshire, Occasional Papers in Lincolnshire History and Archaeology 6, Sleaford, 1981

Cook, J.M. Early Anglo-Saxon Buckets. A Corpus of Copper Alloy- and Iron-Bound, Stave-Built Vessels, Oxford University School of Archaeology Monograph 60, Oxford, 2004

Croom, A. 'The Wear and Tear of Third Century Military Equipment' in Journal of Roman Military Equipment Studies, vol. 11, 2000, pp.129-134

Cross, P.J. 'Horse Burial in First Millennium AD Britain: Issues of Interpretation' in European Journal of Archaeology vol.14, 2011, pp.190-209

Crowfoot, G.M. 'Anglo-Saxon Tablet Weaving' in AJ, vol. XXXII, no.3/4, London, 1952, pp.189-191

Crumlin-Pedersen, O. Archaeology and the Sea in Scandinavia and Britain, Maritime Culture of the North vol.3, Roskilde, 2010

Cummins, W.A. The Picts and Their Symbols, Stroud, 1999

Cunliffe, B. Wessex to AD 1000, Harlow, 1993

D’Amato, R., ‘Cnut the Great c. AD 1026’ in Medieval Warfare, vol. II, Issue 1, 2009, pp.1&58

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Davis, R.H.C. 'Did the Anglo-Saxons Have Warhorses?', in Chadwick Hawkes, S.(ed.) 1989, pp.141-144

Dean, M.J. The Excavation of the Anglian Graveyard at Broughton Lodge, Willoughby-on-the-Wolds, Notts., May-September, 1964, Nottingham, 1965

Dickinson, T.M. The Anglo-Saxon Burial Sites of the Upper Thames Region, and their bearing on the history of Wessex, circa AD 400-700 AD, Oxford, 1976

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Dickinson, T.M., Ashley, S., Penn, K.'A zoomorphic shield mount from Hindringham, Norfolk', in Norfolk. Medieval Archaeology. Vol LV, pp 277-281.

Dickinson, T., Härke, H., Early Anglo-Saxon Shields, London, 1992

Dickinson, T.M., Fern, C. and Hall, M.A. 'An early Anglo-Saxon bridle-fitting from South Leckaway, Forfar, Angus, Scotland,' in Medieval Archaeology, 2006, pp. 249-260.

Dixon, P.H. 'The Anglo-Saxon Settlement at Mucking: An Interpretation' in ASSAH, vol. 6, 1993, pp.125-147

Dobat, A.S. 'The King and His Cult: The Axe-Hammer from Sutton Hoo and Its Implications for the Concept of Sacral Leadership in Early Medieval Europe' in Antiquity, vol. 80, 2006, pp.880-893

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Dodwell, C.R. Anglo-Saxon Art: A New Perspective, Manchester, 1982

Doppelfeld, O & Pirling, R. Fränkischen Fürsten im Rheinland, Schriften des Rheinischen Landesmuseums Bonn vol. 2, Düsseldorf, 1966

Doviak, A., ' Doorway to Devotion: Recovering the Christian Nature of the Gosforth Cross' in Religions, 2021, 12, pp.1-28

Drinkall, G & Foreman, M. The Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at Castledyke South, Barton-on-Humber, Sheffield, 1998

Dunning, G.C. & Evison, V.I. 'The Palace of Westminster Sword' in Archaeologia 98, The Society of Antiquaries, London, 1961, pp.123-158

Düwel, K., Marold, E. & Zimmermann, C. (eds), Von Thorsberg nach Schleswig, Berlin, 2000

Effros, B. Merovingian Mortuary Archaeology and the Making of the Early Middle Ages, Berkeley, 2003

Ellis Davidson, H.R. The Sword in Anglo-Saxon England, Woodbridge, 1962 (reprint 1994)

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